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| Fourth |
FourthThe word fourth can mean:
- Perfect fourth
- Augmented fourth or tritone
- The subdominant, and the chord built on the subdominant, is often simply called the fourth as it is the fourth scale degree.
- The Fourth of July, an American holiday
Perfect fourthThe perfect fourth or diatessaron, abbreviated P4, is one of two commonly occurring musical intervals that span four diatonic scale degrees; the other being the augmented fourth, which is one semitone larger. The prefix perfect identifies it as belonging to the group of perfect intervals, so called because of their extremely simple pitch relationships resulting in a high degree of consonance. The perfect fourth's inversion is the perfect fifth.
Its most common occurrence is between the fifth and upper root of all major and minor triads and their extensions.
A perfect fourth in just intonation corresponds to a pitch ratio of 4:3, while in an equal tempered tuning, a perfect fourth is equal to five semitones, a ratio of 1:25/12 (approximately 1:1.3348), or 500 cents, about 1.955 cents wide.
The perfect fourth, although a perfect interval like the unison, octave, and perfect fifth, is actually considered a dissonance in certain contexts. Specifically, it is considered consonant when heard in its most common position as detailed above; but dissonant when built upon a chord's root. In such a position, it almost always temporarily displaces the third of any chord, and is then called a suspended fourth.
Conventionally, the strings of a double bass and a bass guitar are tuned by intervals of perfect fourths, while all strings but one of a guitar are tuned to intervals of perfect fourths.
See also
- augmented fourth
External links
- [http://tonalsoft.com/enc/index2.htm?p4.htm Tonalsoft Encyclopaedia of Tuning]
Category:Intervals
SubdominantIn music, the subdominant is the technical name for the fourth tonal degree of the diatonic scale. It is called the subdominant because it is the same distance below the tonic that the dominant is above the tonic. In the C major scale (white keys on a piano), the subdominant is the note F; and the subdominant chord uses the notes F, A, and C. In music theory, the subdominant chord is symbolized with the Roman numeral IV if major and iv if minor.
A cadential subdominant chord followed by a tonic chord (the chord of the key of the piece) produces the so-called "plagal" (or "Amen") cadence.
"Subdominant" also refers to a relationship of musical keys. For example, relative to the key of C major, the key of F major is the subdominant. Music which modulates (changes key) often modulates into the subdominant. Modulation into the subdominant key often creates a sense of musical relaxation; as opposed to modulation into dominant (fifth note of the scale), which increases tension.
In sonata form, the subdominant key plays a subordinate though still crucial role: typically, in the recapitulation, there is a section written in the subdominant key, occurring at the point corresponding to the location in the exposition where the music modulated into the dominant key. The use of the subdominant in this location often serves as a way of keeping the rest of recapitulation in the tonic.
The subdominant diatonic function acts as a dominant preparation and in theories after Hugo Riemann is considered to balance the dominant around the tonic.
Category:Diatonic functions
Category:Scale degrees
Dorothy Stratten
Dorothy Stratten, de son vrai nom Dorothy Ruth Hoogstraten (28 février 1960 - 14 août 1980), fut une actrice et modèle originaire de Vancouver en Colombie Britannique ou elle était née dans un hôpital de l'Armée du Salut.
Elle y grandit et fit des études supérieures à Coquitlam. Elle travaillait à temps partiel dans un fast-food de la chaîne Dairy Queen quand elle fut remarquée par un jeune impresario local de 26 ans nommé Paul Snider. Celui-ci la persuada d'envoyer ses photos au magazine Playboy. Dorothy imita la signature de sa mère sur le contrat d'engagement en tant que playmate. En 1979 elle fut miss Août sous le pseudonyme Dorothy Stratten et l'année suivante, elle fut élue Playmate de l'année 1980.
Elle avait épousé Paul Snider en juin 1979 à Las Vegas. Son mari voulut garder le contrôle sur sa carrière, qu'il avait lancée mais Dorothy ne put supporter sa jalousie : ils se séparèrent et entamèrent une procédure de divorce dès le mois d'août 1980.
Dorothy tint des petits rôles dans cinq films : Skatetown USA (1979), Americathon (1979), Autumn Born (1979), Galaxina (1980) et Et tout le monde riait (They All Laughed) (1981). Elle fit aussi des essais à la télévision, dans L'Île fantastique (Fantasy Island), dans un épisode de Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (Croisière vers les étoiles) et, en 1980 dans The Tonight Show.
Le 14 août 1980, fou de jalousie du fait de la liaison supposée de Dorothy avec le producteur de cinéma Peter Bogdanovich, Paul Snider la retrouva dans son appartement de Los Angeles et la tua après l'avoir violée. Il se suicida ensuite dans le même appartement.
L'histoire tragique de Dorothy Stratten devint le scénario du film Star 80 en 1983 - son rôle y est tenu par Mariel Hemingway - et inspira Bogdanovich qui écrivit le livre intitulé The Killing of the Unicorn (le Meurtre de la licorne). Quelque temps après, il épousa sa sœur.
Filmographie
Après son passage dans Playboy, Dorothy Stratten commença une carrière d'actrice et joua dans 5 films avant de mourir.
- Skatetown USA (1979)
- Americathon (1979)
- Autumn Born (1979)
- Galaxina (1980) - son seul rôle principal
- They All Laughed (1981) - sorti après sa mort
Elle est aussi apparue plusieurs fois à la télévision américaine.
Liens
Liens externes
- [http://www.dorothystratten.de.vu/ Dorothy Stratten Remember Page]
Stratten, Dorothy
Stratten, Dorothy
Stratten, Dorothy
Stratten, Dorothy
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